@Andrew I eventually managed to get v2.17.1 of the realtek driver compiled and loaded. I have an RTL8153 and an RTL8156 based USB adapter connected to my host device which are both being correctly identified (took me a while to work out how to get the updated kernel module to load on boot but figured it out in the end). Have added both networks to a VM and everything seems to be working ok (transfer speeds are as expected).
What is the issue you're seeing with the USB naming? I already had the RTL8153 USB working with the default driver and a rename rule in '70-persistent-net.rules'. Added a similar rule for the RTL8156 USB and both renames seem to be surviving reboots with the updated 2.17.1 driver.