HA causes reboot of xcp-ng nodes

tjkreidl

@carloum70 Are all your hosts properly time sychronized to NTP or chronyc? Check each host for offsets. They need to be really close in time with each other. And what HA heartbeat client setup are you using? As long as you have a quorum, HA should continue to work fine. WHen you get down to two hosts and one cannot communicate with the other is when things get critical (unless running HA-Lizard on a two-host pool).

carloum70

I did some further investigation and I think there is something wrong with the ip-settings of the management interface.

At the xsconsole I see the following:

Management Network Parameters    

Device        bond0         
address       172.28.4.11    
Netmask       255.255.252.0   
Gateway       172.28.4.1

So it's using the bond0 interface.

# xe pif-list host-uuid=41a2a448-a5dc-44c6-be44-c07540d75c60

uuid ( RO)                  : 0761d887-268e-5cf0-401b-a08ad7c419aa
                device ( RO): bond0
                   MAC ( RO): 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90
    currently-attached ( RO): true
                  VLAN ( RO): -1
          network-uuid ( RO): 28d51793-0226-cf3f-75d3-ed7c5a9d8b33
             host-uuid ( RO): 41a2a448-a5dc-44c6-be44-c07540d75c60

This is part of the output of xe bond-list

# xe bond-list
uuid ( RO)      : 79c525c3-22f9-04ce-4a80-21d18ef65ebc
    master ( RO): 0761d887-268e-5cf0-401b-a08ad7c419aa
    slaves ( RO): 7ac18886-e0a5-057b-bac0-36b909588dba ; 2f18fc9a-8c1c-dfce-9416-fa8c657c5f63

I already checked that:

7ac18886-e0a5-057b-bac0-36b909588dba --> eth3
2f18fc9a-8c1c-dfce-9416-fa8c657c5f63 --> eth2

And now the confusing part. This is part of the output of the ip a command:

2: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff


13: xenbr4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.4.11/22 brd 172.28.7.255 scope global xenbr4
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

As you can see the xenbr4 has also the management ip-address and has the same mac-address as the eth4 interface.
OK check the following commands:

[17:21 dacshyp002 ~]# ip addr show xapi1
15: xapi1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.4.11/22 brd 172.28.7.255 scope global xapi1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[17:21 dacshyp002 ~]# ip addr show xenbr4
13: xenbr4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.4.11/22 brd 172.28.7.255 scope global xenbr4
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

And If I look at the routing table:

# ip route
default via 172.28.4.1 dev xapi1 
172.18.8.0/23 dev xenbr0 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.8.11 
172.18.10.0/23 dev xenbr7 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.10.11 
172.28.4.0/22 dev xenbr4 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.4.11 
172.28.4.0/22 dev xapi1 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.4.11

According to me the node has 2 interfaces xenbr4 / xapi1 with the same ip-address and also 2 different routes for the same ip-range 172.28.4.0/22.
And that's why the heartbeat has some issues. Can someone confirm this ?
By the way I really don't know how this happened.

tjkreidl

@carloum70 If you are willing to try this, you can reset the primary management interface (PMI) on a bond, WIthin the bash shell:
:
xe pif-list
This will show the PIFs and their current network associations.

Identify the bond master PIF
If you have a bonded network, the master PIF is the one that represents the bond. You can list it with:

xe pif-list network-uuid=<bond-uuid>
The master PIF is the one that will be used as the primary interface for the bond.

Reset the management interface to the bond master
Use the xe-reset-networking command with the --reset-primary option:

xe-reset-networking --reset-primary
This will move the management interface to the bond master PIF, which is the correct way to reassign it when the bond is created or reconfigured.

carloum70

@tjkreidl

According to xsconsole the management interface is bond0

Current Management Interface          
                                              
Device           bond0                
MAC Address	 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90    
DHCP/Static IP   Static               
IP address       172.28.4.11          
Netmask          255.255.252.0        
Gateway          172.28.4.1           
Hostname         dacshyp002

According the output of xe pif-list

uuid ( RO)                  : 0761d887-268e-5cf0-401b-a08ad7c419aa
                device ( RO): bond0
                   MAC ( RO): 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90
    currently-attached ( RO): true
                  VLAN ( RO): -1
          network-uuid ( RO): 28d51793-0226-cf3f-75d3-ed7c5a9d8b33
             host-uuid ( RO): 41a2a448-a5dc-44c6-be44-c07540d75c60

Let's check the network

# xe network-list uuid=28d51793-0226-cf3f-75d3-ed7c5a9d8b33
uuid ( RO)                : 28d51793-0226-cf3f-75d3-ed7c5a9d8b33
          name-label ( RW): mgmt-bond
    name-description ( RW): 
              bridge ( RO): xapi1

At linux level:

# ip addr show xapi1
15: xapi1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:3e:a7:1d:b0:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.4.11/22 brd 172.28.7.255 scope global xapi1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

xapi1 is a bond of et2 and eth3. So far so good.
But if I am running the xe-reset-networking command

Your network will be re-configured as follows:

Management interface:   eth4
Reset interface name rules: Yes
IP configuration mode:  dhcp
IPv6 configuration mode:none

If you want to change any of the above settings, type 'no' and re-run
the command with appropriate arguments (use --help for a list of options).

Type 'yes' to continue.
Type 'no' to cancel.
no

So for some reason xcp-ng thinks the eth4 is management interface, which also has the ip-address 172.28.4.11/22 .
By the way --reset-primary is not a valid option:

# xe-reset-networking --reset-primary
Usage: xe-reset-networking [options]

xe-reset-networking: error: no such option: --reset-primary

tjkreidl

@carloum70 Sorry, that option was deprecated.

You may need to be more specific in the reset, something like the following with is just an example:
xe-reset-networking -m IP_of_Master --device=eth0 --mode=static --ip=192.168.1.50 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.1.1 --dns=192.168.1.254

Check the options and see which ones you actually need in your case.
Worst case, you could possibly dissolve the bond, redo the PMI and then re-create the bond. WHy eth4 shows up is hard to guess. I have seen before that on some hosts in a pool that the NIC order was not the same, even though the hardware and OS versions were identical. In that case, you have to shut down the NICs and use interface-rename to reassign specific NIC names to the corresponding MAC addresses.

poddingue

@carloum70 the same address on both xenbr4 and xapi1 looks like the best lead so far.
I haven't tested it, but two interfaces answering for 172.28.4.11, with two routes to the same subnet, could send heartbeat traffic out the wrong NIC now and then, and that would fit the drops in your xha.log. bleader untangled something close to it in https://xcp-ng.org/forum/topic/12472 (two bridges on one subnet, replies leaving by the wrong one).

As for eth4: without --device, xe-reset-networking takes the NIC recorded at install time in /etc/firstboot.d/data/management.conf, so I think it's just remembering the installer's choice.

I'd hold off on @tjkreidl's worst-case reset for now, because the docs say it wipes all PIF, bond and VLAN config, force-stops VMs, and isn't supported while HA is on (Emergency Network Reset). xe pif-list host-name-label=dacshyp002 params=device,IP-configuration-mode,IP,management only lists, and it would show whether XAPI itself thinks eth4 has that IP; if it does, @Team-XAPI-Network will know the clean way to drop it.

john.c

@poddingue said:

@carloum70 the same address on both xenbr4 and xapi1 looks like the best lead so far.
I haven't tested it, but two interfaces answering for 172.28.4.11, with two routes to the same subnet, could send heartbeat traffic out the wrong NIC now and then, and that would fit the drops in your xha.log. bleader untangled something close to it in https://xcp-ng.org/forum/topic/12472 (two bridges on one subnet, replies leaving by the wrong one).

As for eth4: without --device, xe-reset-networking takes the NIC recorded at install time in /etc/firstboot.d/data/management.conf, so I think it's just remembering the installer's choice.

I'd hold off on @tjkreidl's worst-case reset for now, because the docs say it wipes all PIF, bond and VLAN config, force-stops VMs, and isn't supported while HA is on (Emergency Network Reset). xe pif-list host-name-label=dacshyp002 params=device,IP-configuration-mode,IP,management only lists, and it would show whether XAPI itself thinks eth4 has that IP; if it does, @Team-XAPI-Network will know the clean way to drop it.

@Team-Hypervisor-Kernel May also wish to have a look, as part of the problem can stem from the kernel’s weak host model, as it’s not just networking in XAPI but also kernel, due to asymmetric routing. This is down to packets being routed on the lowest cost path.

john.c

Technical Summary: Weak Host Model & HA Heartbeat Failures

The Problem: Asymmetric Routing & The Weak Host Model

Linux defaults to a weak host model for IPv4 networking. The kernel treats IP addresses as belonging to the entire host, rather than being strictly bound to a specific physical or logical network interface (NIC).

When a multi-homed cluster node transmits High Availability (HA) heartbeats or storage synchronization packets, the kernel evaluates its local routing table. If multiple paths exist to the destination subnet, the kernel will choose the egress interface based on the lowest routing metric (cost).

This causes two major issues in HA clusters:

Asymmetric Outbound Traffic: The kernel may send HA packets out of a secondary interface (e.g., a storage or management NIC) instead of the dedicated HA/heartbeat interface.
ARP Flapping & Confusion: Because of the weak host model, a node might reply to ARP requests for its HA IP address on any active interface. This poisons the ARP tables of adjacent switches and cluster peers, misrouting traffic to the wrong physical ports.

Expected Path:  [Node A: Dedicated HA NIC] ---------> [Switch] ---------> [Node B: Dedicated HA NIC]
Actual Path:    [Node A: Management NIC]   -- (Lowest Metric Route) --> [Node B: Management NIC]

The Impact on HA Clusters (XCP-ng / XAPI)

When heartbeats leak onto the wrong network or get dropped due to strict firewalling (e.g., a management network blocking cluster traffic), the cluster experiences a false split-brain condition.

Peer nodes assume the host is dead because heartbeats stopped arriving on the designated HA network.
The HA fencing mechanism is triggered, causing the host to spontaneously reboot or self-fence to protect shared storage from corruption.

Recommended Subsystem Remedies

To enforce a strong host model where traffic strictly respects interface boundaries, the kernel and network orchestration layer (XAPI) must implement specific controls:

Strict ARP Filtering (sysctl)
Prevent the kernel from answering ARP requests for an IP on the wrong interface.
```
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
```
Reverse Path Filtering (RP-Filter):
Ensure the kernel drops packets that arrive on an interface if the return path would not normally use that same interface.
```
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
```
Policy-Based Routing (PBR):
Configure separate routing tables for the HA interface so that traffic sourced from the HA IP is explicitly forced out of the HA NIC, ignoring global metrics in the main routing table.

So outside of altering these settings, if not altered at kernel source code level with a patch (that’s upstreamed to Xen Project), it will default to weak host model, a patch is required for it to instead default to the strong host model. If necessary it can target management, storage, backup, migration and/or HA networks specifically.

Doing a kernel source code patch will especially help out TWINSTOR development, currently in technical preview!

john.c

@tjkreidl When you’re back online my posts above, may reveal something about behaviours you noticed in Citrix XenServer and Citrix Hypervisor, during your employment there as CTP.

@poddingue This is a potential source for a joint patch to Xen Hypervisor kernel to fix this as part of upstreaming, something that will benefit from multiple eyes and hands working on it.

tjkreidl

@john.c Interesting information about the strong v. weak host model.
Active-active and LACP bonds will split the network traffic between the NICs, while an active-passive bond only uses the primary. WHat type of bonds do you have set up?

john.c

@tjkreidl said:

@john.c Interesting information about the strong v. weak host model.
Active-active and LACP bonds will split the network traffic between the NICs, while an active-passive bond only uses the primary. WHat type of bonds do you have set up?

@tjkreidl It is either a balance-alb (Mode 6) or a balance-xor (Mode 2) bond topology on this specific deployment (as the upstream router has limited port capacity and does not support LACP).

However, the brilliant part about this architectural issue is that the underlying Layer 3 routing vulnerability remains identical regardless of which of these two modes is active. Both modes open up multiple physical paths for outbound traffic under a single logical bond, giving the kernel's default weak host model the perfect opportunity to misroute packets under load.

Here is how the weak host model breaks both configurations:

If it is balance-alb (Mode 6): The bonding driver actively performs Layer 2 ARP and MAC manipulation to balance paths without switch assistance. The weak host model completely undermines this logic because the kernel treats the IP address as globally accessible to the whole host. Under load, the kernel's Layer 3 routing engine completely ignores the bonding driver's intended pathing boundaries, picks a "cheaper" path via global metrics, and leaks the packet out of a completely separate infrastructure interface (like Management or Storage).
If it is balance-xor (Mode 2): The driver relies on a strict hash policy (like layer2 or layer2+3) to statically map traffic to a destination across a specific physical NIC slave. Yet, if a heavy background process (like a backup job or storage replication) alters local routing table costs or causes transient congestion, the kernel’s Layer 3 logic overrides that static Layer 2 pathing—spilling packets out of an unrelated physical port.

Ultimately, OpenMetrics packet-flow telemetry caught this exact moment of divergence: the Layer 3 stack bypassed the logical bond boundary entirely. The packet exited on an unintended infrastructure port carrying the wrong source IP, where adjacent switches or firewalls dropped it as unroutable. To XAPI and the HA daemon, the heartbeat was instantly lost on that specific port, triggering the self-fencing reboot loop.

This is why it's a universal vulnerability across multi-path bonding modes on a multi-homed system, and why an upstream patch enforcing a strong host model for the Infrastructure Plane is the cleanest solution.

john.c

@AtaxyaNetwork Depending on your current or past homelab topography, this behavior might ring a few bells for you as well.

Homelab and prosumer environments are highly susceptible to this exact weak host routing leak. Because we often multiplex distinct infrastructure planes (Management, dedicated storage networks, and backup backplanes) across multi-port NIC bonds—frequently using balance-alb or balance-xor because the upstream switches lack stacked enterprise LACP support—the conditions are perfect for a routing collision.

If a heavy data operation (like a massive VM migration or a backup sync) alters the local metric weightings or causes micro-congestion, the default weak host model can silently push Dom0 host-terminated packets onto the wrong physical interface segment. It's a classic hidden variable that can cause erratic connection drops or unexplainable HA timeouts on otherwise perfectly configured hardware.

tjkreidl

@john.c Most interesting, and I fully agree, that a strong host model enforcement policy is really the best and only recourse for such a topology, or so it would seem.
The only other option that comes to mind would be to not put the heartbeat connection on any sort of bond or multipath. That's, of course, not ideal.